What has the effect of publishing salaries been?

In the US, many (most?) states have laws which require the publication of full salary details for all employees of state universities. For example, California has a full online database of all state workers it seems which includes UC Berkeley amongst others.

What effect on state universities has this publication of academic salaries had? Specifically,

1. Have they had to pay more on average in salaries because private sector competitors now know exactly how much to offer someone to entice them?


2. Have they found it more difficult to recruit people from the private sector who might not want their financial details to be public?


3. Have there been any other negative or positive side effects?