The effect of a PhD on a student's interest in pursuing a career in academia

Is there any research/study that looked at the effect of a PhD on students' interest in pursuing a career in academia?

E.g. it could survey students before entering the PhD program and survey the same students on their last year of their PhD program to analyze how interest in pursuing a career in academia has changed.

I am mostly interested in the field of computer science (machine learning / natural language processing), in the United States, but I am curious about other countries and other fields as well.